Life Cycle
Learning Resources · Life Cycle

Mosquito
Life Cycle Four stages. Seven to ten days. Knowing the cycle is how you break it.

All mosquitoes pass through egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The first three stages depend entirely on water — which is exactly where the cycle can be stopped.

The first three stages need water to survive. Removing standing water and scrubbing containers weekly stops mosquitoes before they ever fly.

01

The four stages

1
In or near water
Egg

After a blood meal, the female searches for still water to lay 100–400 eggs at a time. Eggs are barely visible — about 1mm — and hatch within days when conditions are right.

Eggs hatch within 1–2 days in warm, wet conditions
Aedes eggs survive dry conditions for months — waiting for rain
A single female lays 100–400 eggs per blood meal
Eggs are laid in batches on water surfaces or moist soil near water
Prevention

Empty and scrub containers weekly. Scrubbing removes eggs stuck to the sides — rinsing alone is not enough. No water, no eggs.

EGG RAFT1–2 days to hatch
1–2
days to hatch
2
Aquatic development
Larva

Larvae live entirely in water, feeding on microscopic algae and bacteria. They grow through four sub-stages, getting larger each time, before transforming into pupae.

Feed on algae, bacteria, and fungi in the water
Breathe through a siphon tube at the water surface
Visible in water — look for wriggling worm-like shapes near the surface
Stage lasts 4–14 days depending on temperature and food availability
Prevention

Larvae are visible and easy to target. Removing water immediately kills all developing mosquitoes. Biological larvicides can treat water that cannot be removed.

LARVA4–14 days
4–14
days in water
3
Metamorphosis
Pupa

The pupa is the transformation stage — the larva's body completely reorganises to form wings, legs, eyes, and all adult features. This is the last chance to intervene before adulthood.

Pupae do not eat — only transformation is happening inside
Stage lasts 2–4 days in warm conditions
Breathe through two small tubes above the water surface
Comma-shaped in water — move when disturbed but cannot escape
Prevention

Pupae still need water to survive. Removing water at this final aquatic stage prevents adult mosquitoes from emerging — even at the last moment.

PUPA2–4 days
2–4
days to emerge
4
The biting stage
Adult

The adult emerges from the pupa and rests on the water surface while its wings dry. Only females bite — they need blood proteins to develop eggs and restart the cycle.

Only female mosquitoes bite — males feed only on nectar
Males live about one week; females live several weeks
A female can lay multiple batches of eggs in her lifetime
After a blood meal she returns to water to lay 100–400 eggs
Personal protection

Use long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), DEET-based repellents, and window screens. Wear long sleeves and trousers during peak biting hours — dusk and dawn.

ADULT ♀2–4 weeks
2–4
weeks lifespan
02

Key points to remember

01
Water
Three stages need water

Egg, larva, and pupa cannot survive without standing water. Removing water breaks the cycle before a single adult mosquito emerges.

02
Speed
The cycle is fast

In warm tropical conditions the full cycle takes just 7–10 days. A single container of water can produce hundreds of mosquitoes each week.

03
Scrubbing
Rinse is not enough

Aedes eggs stick firmly to container walls and survive drying for months. Containers must be scrubbed — not just rinsed — to destroy eggs before they hatch.

04
Biology
Only females bite

Only female mosquitoes bite and transmit disease — they need blood to develop their eggs. Males feed only on plant nectar and live for about one week.

03

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